Blackthorn
Growth and size
Mature height: 4m.
Growth rate: 40-60cm per year.
Supplied as 20-50cm cell-grown saplings.
Can be planted all year round with proper care.
Value to wildlife
Early source of nectar and pollen for bees and other insects.
Food plant of lackey, magpie, swallow-tailed and yellow-tailed moths, as well as black and brown hairstreak butterflies.
Birds often nest among the dense, thorny thickets.
Soil and conditions
Grows in moist, well-drained soil.
Prefers full sunlight.
Did you know?
The tree is associated with witchcraft; it's said that witches make their wands and staffs from blackthorn wood.
Hazel
Growth and size
Mature height: 8m.
Growth rate: 40-60cm per year.
Supplied as 20-50cm cell-grown saplings.
Can be planted all year round with proper care.
Value to wildlife
Source of early pollen for bees.
Host plant for moth caterpillars such as the large emerald and barred umber.
Nuts are a favourite food of birds, such as woodpeckers, nuthatches and jays, and mammals, including hazel dormice, bank voles and wood mice.
Soil and conditions
Tolerates shade in non-acidic, well-drained soils.
Can be planted as part of a native hedgerow.
Did you know?
Hazel is known in legend as a magical tree that provides protection.
Beech
Growth and size
Mature height: 40m.
Growth rate: 30–60cm per year.
Supplied as 20–50cm cell-grown saplings.
Can be planted all year round with proper care.
Value to wildlife
Food plant for moth caterpillars, including barred hook-tip, clay triple-lines and olive crescent. Seeds are eaten by mice, voles, squirrels and birds.
Soil and conditions
Grows well in partial shade on well-drained soil.
Not suitable for waterlogged sites.
Dog rose
Growth and size
Mature height: 1.5m.
Growth rate: 40-60cm per year.
Supplied as 20-50cm cell-grown saplings.
Value to wildlife
Source of nectar for insects.
Hips are eaten by birds and mammals.
Soil and conditions
Prefers full sun and moderately fertile, moist and well-drained soil.
Tolerates poor soil.
Apply a balanced fertiliser and mulch in late winter or early spring.
Did you know?
The leaf buds are susceptible to a harmless gall called robin's pincushion, which looks like a ball of reddish threads and is made by a specialist wasp.
Hornbeam
Growth and size
Mature height: 30m.
Growth rate: 30-60cm per year.
Supplied as 20-50cm cell-grown saplings.
Can be planted all year round with proper care.
Value to wildlife
Leaves provide shelter, roosting, nesting and foraging places for birds and small mammals.
Food plant for many insects.
Seeds are eaten by finches, tits and small mammals.
Soil and conditions
Can withstand severe weather.
Grows in almost any light and well-drained soil.
Did you know?
Hornbeam keeps its leaves all year round, making it a haven for wildlife. The wood is so strong, the Romans used it to make their chariots.
Yew
Growth and size
Mature height: 25m.
Growth rate: 20–50m per year.
Supplied as 15–60cm cell-grown saplings.
Can be planted all year round with proper care.
Value to wildlife
Wildlife friendly, providing valuable shelter and nesting opportunities for birds throughout the year.
Soil and conditions
It thrives in well-drained conditions and adapts to both sunny and shaded locations, making it an excellent choice for creating long-lasting, dense hedges across a wide range of landscapes.
Did you know?
The foliage and seed coat of yew contain highly toxic alkaloids, but the aril (the fleshy red part) is not toxic.